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DenseCL¶
Abstract¶
To date, most existing self-supervised learning methods are designed and optimized for image classification. These pre-trained models can be sub-optimal for dense prediction tasks due to the discrepancy between image-level prediction and pixel-level prediction. To fill this gap, we aim to design an effective, dense self-supervised learning method that directly works at the level of pixels (or local features) by taking into account the correspondence between local features. We present dense contrastive learning (DenseCL), which implements self-supervised learning by optimizing a pairwise contrastive (dis)similarity loss at the pixel level between two views of input images.
Results and Models¶
Back to model_zoo.md to download models.
In this page, we provide benchmarks as much as possible to evaluate our pre-trained models. If not mentioned, all models are pre-trained on ImageNet-1k dataset.
Classification¶
The classification benchmarks includes 4 downstream task datasets, VOC, ImageNet, iNaturalist2018 and Places205. If not specified, the results are Top-1 (%).
VOC SVM / Low-shot SVM¶
The Best Layer indicates that the best results are obtained from which layers feature map. For example, if the Best Layer is feature3, its best result is obtained from the second stage of ResNet (1 for stem layer, 2-5 for 4 stage layers).
Besides, k=1 to 96 indicates the hyper-parameter of Low-shot SVM.
| Self-Supervised Config | Best Layer | SVM | k=1 | k=2 | k=4 | k=8 | k=16 | k=32 | k=64 | k=96 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| resnet50_8xb32-coslr-200e | feature5 | 82.5 | 42.68 | 50.64 | 61.74 | 68.17 | 72.99 | 76.07 | 79.19 | 80.55 |
ImageNet Linear Evaluation¶
The Feature1 - Feature5 don’t have the GlobalAveragePooling, the feature map is pooled to the specific dimensions and then follows a Linear layer to do the classification. Please refer to resnet50_mhead_linear-8xb32-steplr-90e_in1k for details of config.
The AvgPool result is obtained from Linear Evaluation with GlobalAveragePooling. Please refer to resnet50_linear-8xb32-steplr-100e_in1k for details of config.
| Self-Supervised Config | Feature1 | Feature2 | Feature3 | Feature4 | Feature5 | AvgPool |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| resnet50_8xb32-coslr-200e | 15.86 | 35.47 | 49.46 | 64.06 | 62.95 | 63.34 |
Places205 Linear Evaluation¶
The Feature1 - Feature5 don’t have the GlobalAveragePooling, the feature map is pooled to the specific dimensions and then follows a Linear layer to do the classification. Please refer to resnet50_mhead_8xb32-steplr-28e_places205.py for details of config.
| Self-Supervised Config | Feature1 | Feature2 | Feature3 | Feature4 | Feature5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| resnet50_8xb32-coslr-200e | 21.32 | 36.20 | 43.97 | 51.04 | 50.45 |
ImageNet Nearest-Neighbor Classification¶
The results are obtained from the features after GlobalAveragePooling. Here, k=10 to 200 indicates different number of nearest neighbors.
| Self-Supervised Config | k=10 | k=20 | k=100 | k=200 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| resnet50_8xb32-coslr-200e | 48.2 | 48.5 | 46.8 | 45.6 |
Detection¶
The detection benchmarks includes 2 downstream task datasets, Pascal VOC 2007 + 2012 and COCO2017. This benchmark follows the evluation protocols set up by MoCo.
Pascal VOC 2007 + 2012¶
Please refer to faster_rcnn_r50_c4_mstrain_24k_voc0712.py for details of config.
| Self-Supervised Config | AP50 |
|---|---|
| resnet50_8xb32-coslr-200e | 82.14 |
COCO2017¶
Please refer to mask_rcnn_r50_fpn_mstrain_1x_coco.py for details of config.
| Self-Supervised Config | mAP(Box) | AP50(Box) | AP75(Box) | mAP(Mask) | AP50(Mask) | AP75(Mask) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| resnet50_8xb32-coslr-200e |
Segmentation¶
The segmentation benchmarks includes 2 downstream task datasets, Cityscapes and Pascal VOC 2012 + Aug. It follows the evluation protocols set up by MMSegmentation.
Pascal VOC 2012 + Aug¶
Please refer to fcn_r50-d8_512x512_20k_voc12aug.py for details of config.
| Self-Supervised Config | mIOU |
|---|---|
| resnet50_8xb32-coslr-200e | 69.47 |
Citation¶
@inproceedings{wang2021dense,
title={Dense contrastive learning for self-supervised visual pre-training},
author={Wang, Xinlong and Zhang, Rufeng and Shen, Chunhua and Kong, Tao and Li, Lei},
booktitle={CVPR},
year={2021}
}